Mystery surrounds Sonia Gandhi's health

Since the shock announcement on 4 August that India's most powerful politician Sonia Gandhi was to undergo surgery in the United States, barely a word has leaked out about her health

The silence in most of the Indian media about the 64-year-old's condition and the refusal of the ruling Congress party to divulge information has raised some uncomfortable questions about transparency in the world's biggest democracy.

The independence of the media and the country's openness -- it passed a Right to Information Act in 2005 -- are a source of national pride, often contrasted with conditions in secretive regimes elsewhere in South Asia.

"I was really shocked to see in regular Congress party briefings, the media present there did not seek information, did not demand information," the editor of the Business Standard newspaper Sanjaya Baru says.

"We have had silence from the media... There is nothing about Mrs Gandhi's health and she's the most important politician in the country," he said during a debate on the CNN-IBN news channel.

The Business Standard has been the most aggressive of the Indian newspapers -- it demanded answers in an editorial -- and Baru believes they are entitled to information.

On India's boisterous cable news channels, which are normally quick to pressure and criticise the government, Gandhi has featured rarely, with news and debates focused on corruption or the national cricket team's recent defeats.

The Italian-born Gandhi is the widow of assassinated former premier Rajiv Gandhi and wields enormous clout from her power-broking position as Congress party president and coalition chairperson.

Since she was admitted to hospital, aides to the leader have confirmed she spent 24 hours in intensive care and was recovering from successful surgery at an undisclosed location, believed to be New York.

The government has argued that further disclosures would be made by the famously media-shy political boss if she desired.

"Only that much information would be shared which they would want to share," Information Minister Ambika Soni said last week.

Speaking on Monday, Gandhi's politician son Rahul, who has been left jointly in control during his mother's convalescence, told journalists that "she is much better" without elaborating.

In the absence of concrete information about the woman who heads the ruling party and chairs the ruling coalition, speculation has been rife on social networks.

A few anonymously sourced news reports have attempted to fill the void.

The investigative current affairs magazine Tehelka reported that Gandhi was operated on at New York's Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, while the Deccan Herald newspaper said she had undergone surgery for cervical cancer.

"When you are in the public domain... you cannot claim the benefits of privacy of the private citizen," the editor of The Hindu newspaper, Siddharth Varadarajan, told CNN-IBN.

"I think it is something that people have the right to know. What we have heard so far is wholly inadequate."

Others have suggested that the cosy relationships between top journalists and politicians in India means the Congress party has been able to impose a code of silence among senior editors.

Paranjoy Guha Thakurta, a political analyst and journalist, told AFP he believed the Indian media had done their best to cover the story, but were being wrongly starved of information.

"Do public figures have a right to private lives? Most journalists believe they do," he said. "But as soon as your personal life in whatever way starts impinging on your public life then everyone has a right to know."

He contrasted the handling of Gandhi's problems to those of 78-year-old Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, who underwent a highly publicised heart bypass operation in 2009 which was fully disclosed.

Singh, a diabetic, had previously undergone surgery for prostate cancer.

"Everybody speculates. Nobody has the foggiest idea," Thakurta said of Gandhi's condition.

The Gandhi dynasty, which stems from first post-independence premier Jawaharlal Nehru and has no link to independence hero Mahatma Gandhi, has exerted huge influence in India during most of its post-independence history.

Three members of the family have become prime minister and 41-year-old Rahul is widely tipped for the top job.